Clonal types of Toxoplasma gondii among immune compromised and immune competent individuals in Accra, Ghana.
Identifieur interne : 000220 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000219; suivant : 000221Clonal types of Toxoplasma gondii among immune compromised and immune competent individuals in Accra, Ghana.
Auteurs : Irene Ayi [Ghana] ; Kofi Dadzie Kwofie [Ghana] ; Emmanuel Awusah Blay [Japon] ; Joseph Harold Nyarko Osei [Ghana] ; Kwadwo Kyeremeh Frempong [Ghana] ; Roberta Koku [Ghana] ; Anita Ghansah [Ghana] ; Margaret Lartey [Ghana] ; Takashi Suzuki [Japon] ; Daniel Adjei Boakye [Ghana] ; Kwadwo Ansah Koram [Ghana] ; Nobuo Ohta [Japon]Source :
- Parasitology international [ 1873-0329 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
There are three major clonal lineages, types I, II, and III, of Toxoplasma gondii known to cause human toxoplasmosis worldwide. Toxoplasma gondii infections have, however, not been genotyped in Ghana. This study detected the clonal types infecting immune compromised and immune competent individuals in Accra, Ghana. Blood samples were obtained from 148 HIV seropositive pre-antiretroviral therapy individuals (0 ≤ CD4(+) T-cell count/μl blood ≤ 200) at the Fevers Unit and 149 HIV seronegative apparently healthy blood donors at the blood bank, all of the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital. Genomic DNA was extracted and multilocus genotyping conducted by nested PCR-RFLP analysis using GRA6, SAG3, and BTUB gene markers. Among the HIV seropositive participants, 54.7% (81/148) were T. gondii DNA positive for any of the markers. Out of the 81, 42.0% (34) were positive for SAG3 only, 30.9% (25) for GRA6 only, 24.7% (20) for both SAG3 and GRA6, and 2.5% (2) for SAG3, GRA6, and BTUB. Overall, 93.8% of the positives were of clonal type II, 1.2% type I, while 4.9% (4) were atypical or mixed types (I and II). In the healthy blood donors, prevalence of T. gondii DNA positivity was 3.4% (5/149) by SAG3 and/or GRA6; among them, 60.0% (3/5) were type I, and the remaining 40.0%, type II. This study showed a relatively high prevalence of active T. gondii infections in immune compromised patients and low prevalence in immune competent individuals in Accra. Type II was highly prevalent. Detection of T. gondii in blood donors raises public health concerns and screening for T. gondii should be considered.
DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2016.01.004
PubMed: 26775819
Affiliations:
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Clonal types of Toxoplasma gondii among immune compromised and immune competent individuals in Accra, Ghana.</title><author><name sortKey="Ayi, Irene" sort="Ayi, Irene" uniqKey="Ayi I" first="Irene" last="Ayi">Irene Ayi</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana. Electronic address: IAyi@noguchi.ug.edu.gh.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><region nuts="2">Région du Grand Accra</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kwofie, Kofi Dadzie" sort="Kwofie, Kofi Dadzie" uniqKey="Kwofie K" first="Kofi Dadzie" last="Kwofie">Kofi Dadzie Kwofie</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><region nuts="2">Région du Grand Accra</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blay, Emmanuel Awusah" sort="Blay, Emmanuel Awusah" uniqKey="Blay E" first="Emmanuel Awusah" last="Blay">Emmanuel Awusah Blay</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Department of Environmental Parasitology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Department of Environmental Parasitology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement><region type="région">Région de Kantō</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><settlement type="town">Legon (Ghana)</settlement><region type="region">Région du Grand Accra</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Osei, Joseph Harold Nyarko" sort="Osei, Joseph Harold Nyarko" uniqKey="Osei J" first="Joseph Harold Nyarko" last="Osei">Joseph Harold Nyarko Osei</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><region nuts="2">Région du Grand Accra</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Frempong, Kwadwo Kyeremeh" sort="Frempong, Kwadwo Kyeremeh" uniqKey="Frempong K" first="Kwadwo Kyeremeh" last="Frempong">Kwadwo Kyeremeh Frempong</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><region nuts="2">Région du Grand Accra</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koku, Roberta" sort="Koku, Roberta" uniqKey="Koku R" first="Roberta" last="Koku">Roberta Koku</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Korle-Bu, Accra</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><region nuts="2">Région du Grand Accra</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ghansah, Anita" sort="Ghansah, Anita" uniqKey="Ghansah A" first="Anita" last="Ghansah">Anita Ghansah</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><region nuts="2">Région du Grand Accra</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lartey, Margaret" sort="Lartey, Margaret" uniqKey="Lartey M" first="Margaret" last="Lartey">Margaret Lartey</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Fevers Unit, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Fevers Unit, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><region nuts="2">Région du Grand Accra</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><settlement type="town">Legon (Ghana)</settlement><region type="region">Région du Grand Accra</region></placeName><orgName type="university" n="3">Université du Ghana</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Suzuki, Takashi" sort="Suzuki, Takashi" uniqKey="Suzuki T" first="Takashi" last="Suzuki">Takashi Suzuki</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Department of Environmental Parasitology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Department of Environmental Parasitology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement><region type="région">Région de Kantō</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><settlement type="town">Legon (Ghana)</settlement><region type="region">Région du Grand Accra</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boakye, Daniel Adjei" sort="Boakye, Daniel Adjei" uniqKey="Boakye D" first="Daniel Adjei" last="Boakye">Daniel Adjei Boakye</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><region nuts="2">Région du Grand Accra</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koram, Kwadwo Ansah" sort="Koram, Kwadwo Ansah" uniqKey="Koram K" first="Kwadwo Ansah" last="Koram">Kwadwo Ansah Koram</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><region nuts="2">Région du Grand Accra</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ohta, Nobuo" sort="Ohta, Nobuo" uniqKey="Ohta N" first="Nobuo" last="Ohta">Nobuo Ohta</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Environmental Parasitology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental Parasitology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement><region type="région">Région de Kantō</region></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:26775819</idno><idno type="pmid">26775819</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.parint.2016.01.004</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000343</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000343</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">000343</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">000343</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">000343</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">000343</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">000932</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">000932</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">000932</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">000220</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000220</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000220</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Clonal types of Toxoplasma gondii among immune compromised and immune competent individuals in Accra, Ghana.</title><author><name sortKey="Ayi, Irene" sort="Ayi, Irene" uniqKey="Ayi I" first="Irene" last="Ayi">Irene Ayi</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana. Electronic address: IAyi@noguchi.ug.edu.gh.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><region nuts="2">Région du Grand Accra</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kwofie, Kofi Dadzie" sort="Kwofie, Kofi Dadzie" uniqKey="Kwofie K" first="Kofi Dadzie" last="Kwofie">Kofi Dadzie Kwofie</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><region nuts="2">Région du Grand Accra</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blay, Emmanuel Awusah" sort="Blay, Emmanuel Awusah" uniqKey="Blay E" first="Emmanuel Awusah" last="Blay">Emmanuel Awusah Blay</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Department of Environmental Parasitology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Department of Environmental Parasitology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement><region type="région">Région de Kantō</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><settlement type="town">Legon (Ghana)</settlement><region type="region">Région du Grand Accra</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Osei, Joseph Harold Nyarko" sort="Osei, Joseph Harold Nyarko" uniqKey="Osei J" first="Joseph Harold Nyarko" last="Osei">Joseph Harold Nyarko Osei</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><region nuts="2">Région du Grand Accra</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Frempong, Kwadwo Kyeremeh" sort="Frempong, Kwadwo Kyeremeh" uniqKey="Frempong K" first="Kwadwo Kyeremeh" last="Frempong">Kwadwo Kyeremeh Frempong</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><region nuts="2">Région du Grand Accra</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koku, Roberta" sort="Koku, Roberta" uniqKey="Koku R" first="Roberta" last="Koku">Roberta Koku</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Korle-Bu, Accra</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><region nuts="2">Région du Grand Accra</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ghansah, Anita" sort="Ghansah, Anita" uniqKey="Ghansah A" first="Anita" last="Ghansah">Anita Ghansah</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><region nuts="2">Région du Grand Accra</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lartey, Margaret" sort="Lartey, Margaret" uniqKey="Lartey M" first="Margaret" last="Lartey">Margaret Lartey</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Fevers Unit, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Fevers Unit, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><region nuts="2">Région du Grand Accra</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><settlement type="town">Legon (Ghana)</settlement><region type="region">Région du Grand Accra</region></placeName><orgName type="university" n="3">Université du Ghana</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Suzuki, Takashi" sort="Suzuki, Takashi" uniqKey="Suzuki T" first="Takashi" last="Suzuki">Takashi Suzuki</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Department of Environmental Parasitology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Department of Environmental Parasitology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement><region type="région">Région de Kantō</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><settlement type="town">Legon (Ghana)</settlement><region type="region">Région du Grand Accra</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boakye, Daniel Adjei" sort="Boakye, Daniel Adjei" uniqKey="Boakye D" first="Daniel Adjei" last="Boakye">Daniel Adjei Boakye</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><region nuts="2">Région du Grand Accra</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koram, Kwadwo Ansah" sort="Koram, Kwadwo Ansah" uniqKey="Koram K" first="Kwadwo Ansah" last="Koram">Kwadwo Ansah Koram</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><region nuts="2">Région du Grand Accra</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ohta, Nobuo" sort="Ohta, Nobuo" uniqKey="Ohta N" first="Nobuo" last="Ohta">Nobuo Ohta</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Environmental Parasitology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental Parasitology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement><region type="région">Région de Kantō</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Parasitology international</title><idno type="eISSN">1873-0329</idno><imprint><date when="2016" type="published">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">There are three major clonal lineages, types I, II, and III, of Toxoplasma gondii known to cause human toxoplasmosis worldwide. Toxoplasma gondii infections have, however, not been genotyped in Ghana. This study detected the clonal types infecting immune compromised and immune competent individuals in Accra, Ghana. Blood samples were obtained from 148 HIV seropositive pre-antiretroviral therapy individuals (0 ≤ CD4(+) T-cell count/μl blood ≤ 200) at the Fevers Unit and 149 HIV seronegative apparently healthy blood donors at the blood bank, all of the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital. Genomic DNA was extracted and multilocus genotyping conducted by nested PCR-RFLP analysis using GRA6, SAG3, and BTUB gene markers. Among the HIV seropositive participants, 54.7% (81/148) were T. gondii DNA positive for any of the markers. Out of the 81, 42.0% (34) were positive for SAG3 only, 30.9% (25) for GRA6 only, 24.7% (20) for both SAG3 and GRA6, and 2.5% (2) for SAG3, GRA6, and BTUB. Overall, 93.8% of the positives were of clonal type II, 1.2% type I, while 4.9% (4) were atypical or mixed types (I and II). In the healthy blood donors, prevalence of T. gondii DNA positivity was 3.4% (5/149) by SAG3 and/or GRA6; among them, 60.0% (3/5) were type I, and the remaining 40.0%, type II. This study showed a relatively high prevalence of active T. gondii infections in immune compromised patients and low prevalence in immune competent individuals in Accra. Type II was highly prevalent. Detection of T. gondii in blood donors raises public health concerns and screening for T. gondii should be considered.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Ghana</li><li>Japon</li></country><region><li>Région de Kantō</li><li>Région du Grand Accra</li></region><settlement><li>Accra</li><li>Legon (Ghana)</li><li>Tokyo</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université du Ghana</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Ghana"><region name="Région du Grand Accra"><name sortKey="Ayi, Irene" sort="Ayi, Irene" uniqKey="Ayi I" first="Irene" last="Ayi">Irene Ayi</name></region><name sortKey="Boakye, Daniel Adjei" sort="Boakye, Daniel Adjei" uniqKey="Boakye D" first="Daniel Adjei" last="Boakye">Daniel Adjei Boakye</name><name sortKey="Frempong, Kwadwo Kyeremeh" sort="Frempong, Kwadwo Kyeremeh" uniqKey="Frempong K" first="Kwadwo Kyeremeh" last="Frempong">Kwadwo Kyeremeh Frempong</name><name sortKey="Ghansah, Anita" sort="Ghansah, Anita" uniqKey="Ghansah A" first="Anita" last="Ghansah">Anita Ghansah</name><name sortKey="Koku, Roberta" sort="Koku, Roberta" uniqKey="Koku R" first="Roberta" last="Koku">Roberta Koku</name><name sortKey="Koram, Kwadwo Ansah" sort="Koram, Kwadwo Ansah" uniqKey="Koram K" first="Kwadwo Ansah" last="Koram">Kwadwo Ansah Koram</name><name sortKey="Kwofie, Kofi Dadzie" sort="Kwofie, Kofi Dadzie" uniqKey="Kwofie K" first="Kofi Dadzie" last="Kwofie">Kofi Dadzie Kwofie</name><name sortKey="Lartey, Margaret" sort="Lartey, Margaret" uniqKey="Lartey M" first="Margaret" last="Lartey">Margaret Lartey</name><name sortKey="Osei, Joseph Harold Nyarko" sort="Osei, Joseph Harold Nyarko" uniqKey="Osei J" first="Joseph Harold Nyarko" last="Osei">Joseph Harold Nyarko Osei</name></country><country name="Japon"><region name="Région de Kantō"><name sortKey="Blay, Emmanuel Awusah" sort="Blay, Emmanuel Awusah" uniqKey="Blay E" first="Emmanuel Awusah" last="Blay">Emmanuel Awusah Blay</name></region><name sortKey="Ohta, Nobuo" sort="Ohta, Nobuo" uniqKey="Ohta N" first="Nobuo" last="Ohta">Nobuo Ohta</name><name sortKey="Suzuki, Takashi" sort="Suzuki, Takashi" uniqKey="Suzuki T" first="Takashi" last="Suzuki">Takashi Suzuki</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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